logo

Health

  • Immunotherapy in Advanced Squamous Cell Lung Carcinoma: An Elderly Case

    Immunotherapy in Advanced Squamous Cell Lung Carcinoma: An Elderly Case

    Mr. Li, a 68-year-old man with a smoking history spanning nearly 50 years, sought medical attention at Heyou Hospital six months ago after experiencing recurrent shortness of breath, chest pain, blood-streaked sputum, and unexplained weight loss—totaling nearly 5 kilograms. He was ultimately diagnosed with stage IV squamous cell carcinoma of the right upper lung. Following the diagnosis of advanced lung cancer, Mr. Li briefly lost confidence in treatment, believing his condition was beyond hope.

    Professor Kang Shijun, Director of the Department of Medical Oncology at the Oncology Center of Heye Hospital, did not give up on the patient; instead, he conducted a comprehensive and systematic assessment of Mr. Li’s condition. In addition to standard imaging, he ordered molecular testing and an analysis of PD-L1 expression levels. The results revealed that the PD-L1 expression level in Mr. Li’s tumor cells was as high as 70%—an indicator suggesting that the patient could derive significant benefit from immunotherapy, thereby pointing the way for the subsequent course of treatment.

    Disease Overview: Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

    The squamous cell carcinoma of the lung affecting Mr. Li is a common subtype of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). According to patient education materials from AskMayoExpert (Mayo Clinic), NSCLC is the most prevalent type of lung cancer—occurring far more frequently than small cell lung cancer—and primarily encompasses subtypes such as adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and large cell carcinoma.
    Key risk factors for the disease include long-term smoking, exposure to secondhand smoke, and contact with radon or asbestos. Cigarette smoke contains numerous carcinogens that cause persistent damage to the lung’s epithelial cells, gradually triggering cancerous changes. Notably, NSCLC often lacks specific symptoms in its early stages, making the condition insidious. By the time patients exhibit typical signs—such as persistent cough, hemoptysis, shortness of breath, chest pain, hoarseness, or unexplained weight loss—the disease has usually progressed to an advanced stage, resulting in a missed opportunity for optimal early treatment.

    Precision Treatment: Immunotherapy Breaks the Impasse in Advanced-Stage Therapy

    Taking into account the patient’s specific clinical profile—advanced squamous cell lung carcinoma with high PD-L1 expression—Professor Kang Shijun tailored a personalized immunotherapy regimen. Immunotherapy represents a breakthrough in the diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer in recent years, offering new hope for survival to patients with advanced-stage disease.

    Information from the Mayo Clinic Care Network indicates that immunotherapies utilize specialized drugs to strengthen and remodel the immune system, activating the body’s innate immune functions to precisely identify and attack cancer cells. These drugs block immunosuppressive pathways and dismantle the mechanisms by which tumor cells evade immune surveillance, thereby effectively inhibiting tumor proliferation and growth; they are now widely used in the clinical treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) to effectively delay disease progression.

    From a clinical perspective, cancer cells can achieve “immune escape”—thereby avoiding detection and destruction by the immune system—by expressing PD-L1 proteins that transmit inhibitory signals to the body’s immune cells. Immune checkpoint inhibitors effectively block this mechanism, stripping away the cancer cells’ “invisible protective barrier,” reactivating the anti-tumor activity of T-cells, and precisely eliminating tumor cells. For NSCLC patients with high PD-L1 expression, the anti-tumor efficacy of immunotherapy is particularly pronounced, leading to effective shrinkage of tumor lesions, prolonged survival, and improved quality of life.

    Refined Management: Scientifically Addressing Adverse Reactions to Treatment

    During the course of treatment, Mr. Li developed typical adverse reactions associated with immunotherapy—specifically skin rashes and mild diarrhea—which are classified as common immune-related adverse events (irAEs).
    According to clinical data from Mayo Clinic, adverse reactions vary depending on the specific immunotherapy drug used; common side effects include abnormal skin reactions, flu-like symptoms, diarrhea, shortness of breath (due to immune-related pneumonitis), and abnormal weight fluctuations.
    To address the patient’s symptoms, Professor Kang Shijun’s team implemented a mechanism for rigorous, continuous monitoring. This involved regular blood tests to assess thyroid, liver, and kidney function, as well as chest imaging to track the patient’s condition and physical status. These measures allowed the team to promptly optimize the treatment plan and administer targeted interventions. Thanks to this systematic management, Mr. Li’s adverse reactions were rapidly alleviated and fully controlled, ensuring the smooth continuation of his subsequent treatment.

    Comprehensive Support: Palliative Care Enhances the Patient Experience

    Alongside his anti-tumor treatment, the medical team provided Uncle Li with concurrent palliative and supportive care, ensuring comprehensive support for his physical and mental well-being throughout the treatment process.
    Mayo Clinic defines palliative care as a specialized model of care for patients with serious illnesses or those undergoing complex, long-term treatments. Its core objectives are to alleviate distressing symptoms and relieve physical and emotional suffering, thereby enhancing the patient’s quality of life throughout the course of the illness; notably, it can be administered alongside anti-tumor therapy, with the two approaches complementing each other. This continuous supportive care effectively alleviated the stress associated with Uncle Li’s treatment and improved his physical and mental state, laying a solid foundation for better therapeutic outcomes.

    Treatment outcome: The lesion shrank significantly, and the patient returned to a normal life.

    Following four months of standardized, systematic immunotherapy and comprehensive, meticulous clinical management, Mr. Li underwent a scheduled follow-up assessment. The results showed a significant reduction in the size of the tumor in his right lung, and his previous clinical symptoms—such as shortness of breath and chest pain—had largely resolved. Mr. Li is currently in good physical condition and has resumed his normal daily life.

    Read more
  • Cure and Hope for Children with Rare Genetic Kidney Diseases

    Cure and Hope for Children with Rare Genetic Kidney Diseases

    The story begins when the child, Xiaoyuan, was one year old.

    His parents noticed an unusual amount of foam in his urine. Tests at a local hospital revealed proteinuria and abnormal traces of blood in the urine—indicators of kidney damage.

    Constrained by their financial situation and the need to make ends meet, his family could not afford to take him to a higherlevel hospital for a definitive diagnosis and treatment. They had no choice but to return to their hometown, leaving the underlying condition to quietly fester and progress.

    As Xiaoyuan reached school age, his physical abnormalities became increasingly apparent. He lagged significantly behind his peers in height and weight; he was chronically gaunt and sallow, suffered from a poor appetite, and frequently vomited. While these symptoms appeared to be signs of malnutrition, a lifethreatening kidney condition lurked beneath the surface.

    When his family finally sought medical attention, the results came as a devastating shock. Xiaoyuan’s condition was far more serious than simple malnutrition; multiple tests indicated severe kidney function impairment, leading to a diagnosis of uremia.

    The illness did not stop there. Interventions at the local hospital failed to halt the disease’s progression. Xiaoyuan’s kidney function deteriorated rapidly, and he developed complications such as hypertension and severe anemia. His urine output dropped drastically, and he suffered from severe edema in his legs—to the point where he could no longer walk—leaving him in a critical state.

    With local treatments proving ineffective and his condition remaining critical, his family—driven by a mix of desperation and a refusal to give up—traveled to Xiamen in search of lifesaving care.

     

    Expert Care Pinpoints the Cause, Unveiling a Rare Kidney Disease

    After making inquiries, Xiaoyuan’s family learned that the pediatric team led by Director Bai Haitao at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University possessed extensive clinical experience in treating pediatric kidney diseases. Clinging to a final glimmer of hope, they took Xiaoyuan—whose life hung in the balance—to the hospital for treatment. Upon admission, the medical team immediately initiated an emergency treatment plan to rapidly stabilize the child’s vital signs. They promptly administered blood purification therapy alongside symptomatic treatments—such as lowering blood pressure and correcting anemia—while simultaneously using pathological and genetic testing to pinpoint the root cause of the illness.

    The test results finally revealed the answer: Xiao Yuan was suffering from the rare Alport syndrome (hereditary nephritis).

    This is a specific type of hereditary kidney disease caused by a gene passed down from the mother. It typically affects males—often described as “affecting sons but not daughters”—and is characterized by a highly insidious onset. Early stages lack obvious symptoms and often go unnoticed; by the time uremiarelated symptoms appear, the kidneys have usually suffered irreversible, severe damage, meaning the optimal window for intervention has been missed.

    The critical nature of the illness and its hidden progression caused Xiao Yuan to endure suffering far beyond what most children his age experience; fortunately, however, he was treated by a professional pediatric nephrology team.

     

    Charitable Support Brings New Life; Successful Transplant Enables Return to School

    In response to Xiao Yuan’s critical condition, Director Bai Haitao’s team devised a personalized, systematic treatment plan. They meticulously managed every detail of the care process, steadily improving the child’s physical condition.

    Mindful of the financial hardships faced by Xiao Yuan’s farming family, the team proactively connected with the Xiamen Hongshan Temple Charity Foundation’s “Kapok” Charity Aid Project for Children with Kidney Failure to secure charitable assistance. The dialysis equipment and charitable funds provided by the foundation significantly alleviated the family’s financial burden, offering a lifeline of hope for the child’s treatment.

    Thanks to the medical team’s dedicated care and the support of charitable organizations, Xiao Yuan was successfully matched with a suitable kidney donor during the summer break. He underwent a successful kidney transplant, recovered well, and has since been discharged. As the new semester began, he returned to school on schedule, resuming a normal academic life.

    Xiao Yuan’s story of recovery is a microcosm of how many children with kidney disease overcome the odds to turn their lives around. In recent years, thanks to the diagnosis, treatment, and support provided by the pediatric nephrology and immunology team led by Director Bai Haitao at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, five children with endstage renal disease (uremia) in the XiamenZhangzhouQuanzhou region have successfully undergone kidney transplants, regaining their health and returning to school. Additionally, four other children are undergoing homebased dialysis using automated peritoneal dialysis machines donated through charitable initiatives; this has significantly improved their quality of life while they await a suitable kidney donor.

    To balance medical treatment with the children’s normal growth and development, the team has implemented a patientcentered home dialysis model, effectively overcoming the limitations of traditional treatment methods.

    The children do not require prolonged hospitalization; they can attend school and go about their daily lives during the day, performing their dialysis treatment at night using a fully automated peritoneal dialysis machine. The device automatically controls the flow of dialysis fluid into and out of the abdominal cavity and operates intelligently throughout the process, ensuring no disruption to the child’s studies, daily routine, or growth. Patients need to visit the hospital for a followup only once a month, during which doctors adjust treatment plans based on the results—a highly efficient and convenient process.

    To ensure the safety of home dialysis, the pediatric nephrology and immunology team has established a dedicated service system that monitors dialysis data remotely around the clock. The team comprises medical professionals including Dr. Yang Yang, Dr. Yang Yan, Dr. Chen Yan, Head Nurse Xiao Yujuan, and nurses Zeng Azhen and Zhang Yiling, all of whom specialize in the diagnosis and management of pediatric renal and immunological diseases such as nephrotic syndrome and acute or chronic renal failure.

    The nursing team oversees the entire process, including dialysis catheter care assessments, training for homebased operation, skills evaluations, and regular followups. They promptly address any issues encountered during home dialysis, assist doctors in adjusting dialysis prescriptions, and manage postoperative or dialysisrelated complications.

    Dr. Chen Yan explains that routine remote data monitoring allows for the immediate detection of any abnormalities during treatment. This enables early intervention and risk mitigation, making home dialysis safer and more efficient while providing children and their parents with peace of mind, knowing they are under constant professional medical care.

     

    Health Education: Understanding Alport Syndrome

    I. What is Alport Syndrome? Alport syndrome is a hereditary kidney disease characterized primarily by hematuria (blood in the urine), proteinuria (protein in the urine), and progressive renal function decline, often accompanied by complications such as sensorineural hearing loss and ocular abnormalities.

    The disease is caused by mutations in genes encoding type IV collagen in the glomerular basement membrane. Approximately 80% of cases follow an Xlinked dominant inheritance pattern, with the disease being more common and severe in males.

    II. How can the condition be detected early?

    1. Implement a “dual screening” approach for newborns—combining urinalysis with urinary tract ultrasound—to detect renal abnormalities as early as possible;
    2. For individuals showing abnormal results in urine or imaging tests, conduct further investigations into family history and assess relevant ophthalmological and ENT (ear, nose, and throat) indicators;
    3. Confirm the diagnosis through genetic testing and offer prenatal screening for highrisk expectant mothers to ensure healthy births.

    III. Key Treatment Methods

    Currently, there is no specific curative medication for this disease; kidney transplantation is the most effective treatment for endstage renal disease associated with Alport syndrome.

     

    Protecting Kidneys, Protecting a Child’s Dreams

    The kidneys are vital metabolic organs that maintain the body’s normal physiological functions. Kidney damage is often insidious; mild cases affect quality of life, while severe cases can be lifethreatening.

    Every child suffering from kidney disease is a brave “little kidney warrior.” They continue to grow amidst their pain, waiting for a new beginning while surrounded by care and support.

    May all children with kidney disease successfully find a matching donor, overcome their illness, and recover. May they—just like their peers—pursue their own dreams and look forward to a bright, carefree future.

    Read more

Photostream

    © 2026 China Medical Services. All rights reserved.